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The BIN is the first six digits of a credit or debit card number, indicating the card's type, such as VISA, MasterCard, American Express, Discover, or Rupay.
In a BIN Carding attack, cybercriminals use bots or random number generation software to test a card number's first four to eight digits. They may then use this information to guess the rest of the card number, expiration date, and CVV information.
The next step is called card testing, where the attacker makes small transactions to see if the card is active and protected against fraud. Many of these attempts are blocked without the cardholder's knowledge, but some may go through. If the attacker finds a vulnerable card, they can use it for more fraudulent transactions or sell the account numbers on the dark web.
To prevent BIN Carding Attacks, you can set up rules based on typical card testing behavior, such as;
Carding is a term for the trafficking and unauthorized use of credit cards. The stolen credit card numbers are then used to buy prepaid gift cards to cover up the tracks. Activities also encompass the exploitation of personal data and money laundering techniques. Modern carding sites have been described as full-service commercial entities.
There are a great many methods to acquire credit cards and associated financial and personal data. The earliest known carding methods have also included "trashing" for financial data, raiding mailboxes, and working with insiders. Some bank card numbers can be semi-automatically generated based on known sequences via a "BIN attack". Carders might attempt a distributed guessing attack to discover valid numbers by submitting numbers across a high number of e-commerce sites simultaneously.
Today, various methodologies include skimmers at ATMs, hacking, or web skimming an e-commerce or payment processing site, or even intercepting card data within a point-of-sale network. Randomly calling hotel room phones and asking guests to confirm credit card details is an example of a social engineering attack vector.
Stolen data may be bundled as a "Base" or "First-hand base" if the seller participated in the theft themselves. Resellers may buy "packs" of dumps from multiple sources. Ultimately, the data may be sold on darknet markets and other carding sites and forums specializing in these types of illegal goods. Teenagers have gotten involved in fraud such as using credit card details to order pizza.
On the more sophisticated of such sites, individual "dumps" may be purchased by zip code and country to avoid alerting banks about their misuse. Automatic checker services perform validation en masse to quickly check if a card has yet to be blocked. Sellers will advertise their dump's "valid rate", based on estimates or checker data. Cards with a greater than 90% valid rate command higher prices. "Cobs" or changes of billing are highly valued, here sufficient information is captured to allow redirection of the registered card's billing and shipping addresses to one under the carder's control.
The full identity information may be sold as "Fullz" inclusive of social security number, date of birth, and address to perform more lucrative identity theft.
Fraudulent vendors are referred to as "rippers", vendors who take buyers' money and then never deliver. This is increasingly mitigated via forum and store-based feedback systems as well as through strict site invitation and referral policies.
Funds from stolen cards themselves may be cashed out via buying pre-paid cards, gift cards, or through reshipping goods through mules and then e-fencing through online marketplaces like eBay. Increased law enforcement scrutiny over reshipping services has led to the rise of dedicated criminal operations for reshipping stolen goods.
Hacked computers may be configured with SOCKS proxy software to optimize acceptance for payment processors.
The 2004 investigation into the ShadowCrew forum also led to investigations of the online payment service E-gold that had been launched in 1996, one of the preferred money transfer systems of carders at the time. In December 2005, its owner Douglas Jackson's house and businesses were raided as part of "Operation Goldwire". Jackson discovered that the service had become a bank and transfer system to the criminal underworld. Pressured to disclose ongoing records disclosed to law enforcement, many arrests were made through to 2007. However, in April 2007, Jackson himself was indicted for money laundering, conspiracy, and operating an unlicensed money-transmitting business. This led to the service freezing the assets of users in "high-risk" countries under more traditional financial regulation.
Since 2006, Liberty Reserve has become a popular service for cybercriminals. When it was seized in May 2013 by the US government, this caused major disruption to the cybercrime ecosystem.
Today, some carders prefer to make payments between themselves with bitcoin, as well as traditional wire services such as Western Union, MoneyGram, or the Russian WebMoney service.
Many forums also provide related computer crime services such as phishing kits, malware, and spam lists. They may also act as a distribution point for the latest fraud tutorials either for free or commercially. ICQ was at one point the instant messenger of choice due to its anonymity, as well as MSN clients, modified to use PGP. Carding-related sites may be hosted on botnet-based fast flux web hosting for resilience against law enforcement action.
Other account types like PayPal, Uber, Netflix, and loyalty card points may be sold alongside card details. Logins to many sites may also be sold as backdoor access apparently for major institutions such as banks, universities, and even industrial control systems.
For gift card fraud, retailers are prone to be exploited by fraudsters in their attempts to steal gift cards via bot technology or through stolen credit card information. In the context of fraud, using stolen credit card data to purchase gift cards is becoming an increasingly common money laundering tactic. Another way gift card fraud occurs is when a retailer's online systems which store gift card data undergo brute force attacks from automated bots.
Tax refund fraud is an increasingly popular method of using identity theft to acquire prepaid cards ready for immediate cash-out. Popular coupons may be counterfeited and sold as well.
Personal information and even medical records are sometimes available. Theft and gift card fraud may operate entirely independently of online carding operations. Cashing out gift cards is very common as well, as "discounted gift cards" can be found for sale anywhere, making it an easy sale for a carder, and a very lucrative operation.
The Google hacks, popularly known as Google dorks for credit card details, are also used often in obtaining credit card details.
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